eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',162,'0','0'])); After the war, Marcel taught at a number of secondary schools, and throughout his life he would often teach in stints at universities, such as the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, the Sorbonne in Paris, and Harvard University. All Rights Reserved. Gabriel Marcel, in full Gabriel-Honoré Marcel, (born December 7, 1889, Paris, France—died October 8, 1973, Paris), French philosopher, dramatist, and critic who was associated with the phenomenological and existentialist movements in 20th-century European philosophy and whose work and style are often characterized as theistic or Christian existentialism (a term Marcel disliked, … Donald M. MacKinnon: Drama and Memory And although his critique of idealism and his defense of faith resemble Kierkegaard's criticism of Hegel, Marcel denies that faith is an irrational leap or that the individual stands alone in his faith. Many have noted the aura of self-prensence he displayed in both his public lectures and personal interactions with others. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973). Marcel’s reflections do not make any appeal to Marcel’s Catholicism. His existentialist approach to God is not "a distinct apprehension of God as someone other" (Marcel 1964, 167). For example, the economic idea of “human resources” treats individual persons as mere “assets” or “liabilities” to be bought and sold. Thus, in approaching his philosophy, one could grasp any number of themes and work from that initial thread to the tapestry of Marcel's thought as a whole. He developed his theme of the priority of existence over abstraction, for instance, from the cogito of Descartes. In some ways, the book is overlooked in serious examinations of Marcel. For this reason, Marcel did not write systematic treatises, but wrote in different forms such as philosophical diaries, which were filled with fragments, personal reflections, self-questionings, and various stops and starts. Although he wrote roughly thirty plays and earned his livelihood mostly as a writer, critic, and editor, he is best known for his philosophical work. I know I have struggled with it. Karl Jaspers' Philosophie Gegenwärtigkeit Und Zukunft = Karl Jaspers' Philosophy : Rooted in the Present, Paradigm for the Future. Sam Keen: The Development of the Idea of Being in Marcel's Thought  Richard M. Zaner: The Mystery of the Body-Qua-Mine  if (yr!=2003) In a similar contrast, Marcel distinguished between desire and hope. He was particularly critical of technology for its dehumanizing effects, in treating human beings as mere objects or things. Also, while he recognized the benefits of technology in developing new vaccines and new means of mass production in the necessities of food, shelter, and clothing, Marcel warned of a "technological mindset." Marcel preferred to call his thought "Neo-Socratic" to avoid this confusion. Alfred O. Schmitz: Marcel's Dialectical Method  This leads to abandonment of one's self, dynamic openness, "disponibilité" (availability), and "creative fidelity" to others. In investigating various existential themes, Marcel’s work centered upon issues concerning the individual person, freedom, and human dignity. Though Marcel would become better known for his philosophical work than his plays, he was often surprised and frustrated that his plays received so little attention. In spite of what scientists or doctors might say, Marcel thought that love conquers death. Otto Friedrich Bollnow: Marcel's Concept of Availability  At the university, he received a rigorous training in philosophy, and in 1910, he obtained the aggregation in philosophy at the unusually early age of 21. Dread, then, is one of the fundamental ways of relating to the world. Marcel also avoided the use of technical terminology and preferred a more natural and ordinary language, which he considered to be more vital and alive. Another publicatio… In 1929, Marcel converted to Catholicism at the age of forty. Similar to the method of phenomenology, Marcel’s secondary reflection approaches the subject through a concrete descriptive analysis. Marcel preferred to call his thought "Neo-Socratic" to avoid this confusion. He received a degree in philosophy … Philosophy | Faner Hall, 3065, Carbondale, IL 62901, http://www.opencourtbooks.com/books_n/philosophy_marcel.htm. The impact of World War I, however, would greatly shift Marcel’s thinking. These themes included the uniqueness of the individual, human freedom, and the ethical relations of intersubjectivity. It is here that Marcel’s analyses take a specifically religious, and even Christian, form, in that such hope, he believes, is not something one can dictate or create by oneself alone. For many years, he hosted “Friday evenings,” a weekly discussion group through which he met and influenced important young French philosophers, like Jean Wahl, Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Sartre. The first was to consider it as a problem. It is against this backdrop that the research is set to take An Appraisal of the Existentialist Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel. Existential philosophy is fascinating in its general approach to this difficulty, and Marcel developed one of the most effective ways of responding to it. This volume is the first comprehensive study of Marcel's thought. The death of his mother, in 1893 when Gabriel was not quite four years old left an indelible impression on him. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. French philosopher, dramatist, and critic, b. Paris. The themes of Marcel's philosophy, which are developed with a blend of insight, concreteness, and common sense, continue to be relevant for the plight of humanity in the twenty-first century. One is a husband, a wife, a member of the local Country Club or the First Presbyterian Church. Last Updated on May 5, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. One reason Marcel’s way of thinking is called Socratic is that, for him, philosophy is viewed as a constant questioning. 1. Reviewed by Jill Graper Hernandez, University of Texas at San Antonio Marcel died October 8, 1973, in Paris. SIU Board of Trustees Rather, it is a grace which one receives. His father was a French diplomat to Sweden and was committed to educating his son through frequent travel across Europe. One is a banker, a lawyer, a carpenter, or a plumber. Helen Tattam. Hope, however, is an open-ended expectation in which one anticipates without knowing exactly what it is he is waiting or hoping for. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. He called himself a ‘concrete philosopher’, indicating a reaction to his early idealism. However, considerable ambiguity surrounding the term pervades philosophical reflection regarding Christian philosophy’s possibility, historical reality and nature, and therefore affects efforts to generate and evaluate particular Christian philosophies. French Christian Existentialist philosopher Gabriel Marcel (1883-1973) is considered to be one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Marcel, a World War I non-combatant veteran, pursued the life of an intellectual, and enjoyed success as a playwright, literary critic, and concert pianist. As with other existential thinkers, Marcel critiqued various aspects of modern society. Privacy Policy | EOE Garth J. Gillan: The Question of Embodiment: Marcel and Merleau-Ponty  For this reason Marcel preferred to be known as a “Neo-Socratic” or “Christian Socratic” thinker. What is ignored, according to Marcel, is the fundamental dignity of each individual person, a kind of mysterious worth at the center of each human being which cannot be easily summed up or defined. Shortly after Marcel began his academic career in philosophy, World War I This is the approach taken by science, in which the scientist tries to understand something through the method of abstraction. Marcel’s Philosophy of existence is focused on commitment to the development of the individual concrete existence. XVII, Paul A. Schilpp and Lends E. Hahn, editors, La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1984, pp. Finally, Marcel analyzed the phenomenon of hope. Finally, Marcel was an accomplished musician and composer. Marcel received his degree in philosophy from the Sorbonne in 1910 and married professor Jacqueline Boegner in 1919. He was raised primarily by his mother’s sister, whom his father married two year… Pietro Prini: A Methodology of the Unverifiable  I agree with this not only because of my Catholic faith but also because of my philosophy of person. He saw philosophy not as formulation of a system but rather as a personal reflection on the human situation. The themes blend realism, concreteness and common sense and continue to be relevant for the 21st century. „We ought to be able to see more clearly just for what reason the mass-man is so easily turned into … Erwin W. Straus/Michael A. Machado: Gabriel Marcel's Notion of Incarnate Being  For this reason Marcel preferred to be known as a “Neo-Socratic” or “Christian Socratic” thinker. The 1930s French Debates represent a period of the most sustained and systematic examination of the problems concerning Christian philosophy, and are thus o… http://www.opencourtbooks.com/books_n/philosophy_marcel.htm, Gabriel Marcel: An Autobiographical Essay, E.M. Cioran: Gabriel Marcel: Notes for a Character Sketch  Like other existential thinkers, Marcel made the distinction between fear and dread, where fear is being afraid of some particular thing or object, while dread is the basic existential anxiety or angst one feels apart from fearing any specific thing. Marcel’s other major philosophical contributions include Being and Having, Man Against Mass Society, Homo Viator, Creative Fidelity, and Tragic Wisdom and Beyond. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973), who was born and died in Paris, was one of the leading existentialists of the twentieth century.Two of his ideas that I find fascinating are his notion of the broken world, and the distinction between a problem and a mystery. Nevertheless, like other ‘philosophers of existence’ (Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers, Sartre), Marcel was preoccupied by certain existential themes that centered upon the human person (existent). But for Marcel there was a form of secondary reflection. Again, like Socrates, Marcel viewed philosophy as an open-ended dialogue with both others and oneself. An only child in an upper-middle class family, Marcel early excelled in his studies and demonstrated an aptitude for philosophical inquiry. Also, the idea of dialogue, which was of primary importance in his philosophy, held a practical as well as theoretical place in Marcel’s life. One can view oneself only in terms of the various functions one performs. He was trained in philosophy … Marcel Studies About Marcel. But the notions of “call” and “response” would become important themes in Marcel’s later work. Paul Ricoeur: Gabriel Marcel and Phenomenology  In doing this, he often turned to everyday examples. Time in the Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article John B. O'Malley: Marcel's Notion of Person  A common theme in his dramatic works was the interpersonal dynamics in family situations where tensions emerged due to the struggle between carrying out one’s duties while striving to fulfill personal aspirations. Moreover, in treating the subject of inquiry as a problem, the investigator uses a method of impersonal argumentation or formal demonstration to “prove” the theory. Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, Gabriel Marcel, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Gabriel_Marcel&oldid=1004801, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. He wrote many other books, such as Mystery of Being: 1. Kenneth T. Gallagher: Truth and Freedom in Marcel  His job was to track down information about soldiers missing at the front and then relay it to inquirers. Gabriel Marcel was a French philosopher. This kind of reflection approaches the subject not as a problem but as a mystery, and doing so it unites rather than separates. Bibliography of the Writings of Gabriel Marcel, Philosophy | Faner Hall, 3065, Carbondale, IL 62901 P: 618-536-6641 F: 618-453-7428. One of Marcel’s greatest philosophical contributions in employing his descriptive, personal style of analysis was in the realm of ethics and intersubjectivity. Although later his father and aunt would marry, Marcel never forgot the loss of his mother or the loneliness he experienced as a child. In fact, it was through this notion of “a broken world” that Marcel directed his studies, both as a playwright and as a philosopher. The brutal realities of war and Marcel’s willingness to reflect upon them led him to turn away from idealism and all philosophical systems which did not take into account the fundamental “brokenness” of the world. Word Count: 873. Through his plays Marcel explored various human situations in all their intensity and complexity. Moreover, this technological mindset is often applied to oneself as well. The French thinker bases his philosophy on human experience, which is available to anyone, Catholic, Jewish, Buddhist, agnostic and even atheist. The variety and quality of the critical essays, as well as the immediacy of Marcel's own autobiography and replies (which take the form of personal letters) make this volume a major event in religious and cultural as well as philosophical thought. Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973) was a philosopher, drama critic, playwright and musician. Marcel's description of how different individual beings can authentically relate to one another to experience the transcendent is perhaps something we need to realize for peace in society today. Marcel strove for continuity in his philosophy. Far from being divorced from his philosophical work, the ideas expressed in his plays were closely connected to his theoretical work. John D. Glenn, Jr.: Marcel and Sartre: The Philosophy of Communion and the Philosophy of Alienation  Its newly arrived director was a twenty-four-year-old philosopher and playwright, Gabriel Marcel. The journal reflects a movement away from traditional academic philosophy and was influenced by Sören Kirkegaard, in whom Marcel was deeply interested. Marcel believed that when a person loves someone, the lover discovers that the beloved will live forever. Gabriel Marcel on Creativity and Hope April 16, 2014 Hope - Other Views , Philosophy-Academic John Messerly There are two ideas in Marcel’s philosophy, in addition to those discussed in yesterday’s post , that I would like to discuss briefly—the importance of creative fidelity and of hope. Although raised as an atheist, his thought throughout his thirties had turned in a more religious direction. The Mystery of Beingis a … Marcel lived and taught for a time in Switzerland, where he began writing his Metaphysical Journal (1927). But given this absence of a systematic method he was frequently criticized for lacking philosophical rigor. Man Against Mass Society Gabriel Marcel, G.S. This kind of analysis in which one dissects, abstracts, and separates, Marcel called primary reflection. Gabriel Marcel - 1940 - Gallimard. For example, in inquiring about a human being, one simply knows what is general or common to all human beings. The work of French philosopher Gabriel Marcel continues to be relevant in the twenty-first century. document.write(yr); Gabriel Marcel. According to Marcel, the presence of being people thus experience becomes open to "the transcendent," and the phenomenon of "hope" consists in it. Gabriel Honoré Marcel (1889-1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and Christian existentialist. He converted to Catholicism in 1929 and his philosophy was later described as “Christian Existentialism” (most famously in Jean-Paul Sartre's “Existentialism is a … Gabriel Honoré Marcel (1889–1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. Marcel was born on December 7, 1889 in Paris. The Concept of Value in the Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel. As a philosopher, Marcel has often been referred to as a “Christian existentialist.” He repudiated the term “existentialist,” however, largely due to the fact that existentialism as a philosophical movement was associated primarily with the atheistic and voluntaristic thought of Jean-Paul Sartre. He has often been referred to as a “Christian existentialist,” although he preferred to be known as a “Neo-Socratic” or “Christian Socratic” thinker. yr=d.getFullYear(); His works in English include Being and Having, The Mystery of Being (in two volumes), and … THE PHILOSOPHER; GABRIEL MARCEL Gabriel Honore Marcel (7 th December, 1889-8 th October, 1973) was a French philosopher, drama critic, playwright, a world war 1 non-combatant veteran, a prolific writer and musician who was born to a French diplomat. The Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel, The Library of Living Philosophers, Vol. Rather, one has to participate in it by engaging and so questioning it with one’s entire being. Gabriel Honoré Marcel (December 7, 1889 – October 8, 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, and Christian thinker. Gene Reeves: The Idea of Mystery in the Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel  Under this conception of hope, given to us by Gabriel Marcel, hope is not optimism, but the creation of ways for us to flourish. His style of philosophy was intentionally unsystematic and personal, preferring the way of concrete, descriptive analysis to formal argumentation or logical demonstration. This approach is taken both by empirical or natural scientists (through the use of techniques such as statistics or other mathematical formulations) as well as philosophical science. Defenders of Marcel will respond, though, that the unsystematic approach is the very key to opening the door to the ontological mystery. In order to drive their point, Jay and Ryan appropriated Gabriel Marcel’s notion of philosophical reflection, which is deeply personal and is intimately anchored on day-to-day existence. Although there is of course a legitimate place for performing these functions, Marcel was worried that one can see one’s self only in terms of these functions. Nigel Clive Dent (1985) Abstract This article has no associated abstract. According to him, when one treats the being of another as a mystery, one does so with a sense of humility ("ontological humility") by which to be able to see the fundamental dignity of the other. But it was not until the French Catholic writer Francois Mauriac posed the question to him, “But after all, why are you not one of us?” that Marcel converted. No technical method can ever conquer this mystery of reality. His mother died when he was only four, and he was raised by his father and maternal aunt. © Fraser (Translation), Donald MacKenzie MacKinnon … Desire is when one wants or seeks; some particular thing or object. Primarily, however, Marcel earned his income as a playwright, editor, and critic. Reflection and Mystery , … l-68, et passim. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Julián Marías: Love in Marcel and Ortega  Together they adopted a son, Jean. This way, Marcel called for a greater responsibility to others, but not merely through the traditional notion of doing good deeds, but primarily by being humbly present or open to others, again with one’s whole being. Henry G. Bugbee: L'Exigence Ontologique  This mindset thinks of the natural world merely as something to be manipulated and exploited, rather than as something to engage or participate in. Marcel distinguished between two ways of attaining knowledge. The "theistic existentialism" of the French Catholic philosopher Gabriel Marcel is too little known in the English-speaking parts of the world, and too often assimilated uncritically to the philosophy of Sartre, to which it is in many respects diametrically opposed. Hans A. Fischer-Barnicol: Systematic Motifs in the Thought of Gabriel Marcel: Toward a Philosophical Theory of Composition  Gabriel Marcel, generally regarded as the first French existential philosopher, was born in Paris in 1889 and died there in 1973. It is a moment of holiness. Though often regarded as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define his own thought. Published: March 06, 2014 Helen Tattam, Time in the Philosophy of Gabriel Marcel, Modern Humanities Research Association, 2013, 220pp., $14.99 (pbk), ISBN 9781907322846. Notes to Gabriel (-Honoré) Marcel. Gabriel Marcel was born in Paris in 1889, the city where he also died in 1973. Leonard H. Ehrlich , Richard Wisser & Internationaler Jaspers-Kongress - 2003 Despite this darker side of his youth, the young Marcel excelled in school and performed at the highest academic level. According to Jay and Ryan, philosophical reflection is one of the important skills that one needs in doing philosophy. This, in turn, led to his inquiries into basic existential themes, which were aspects of reality that cannot be neatly categorized within an abstract system. Leo Gabriel: Marcel's Philosophy of the Second Person  The use of the term “Christian philosophy” and other similar expressions dates back to the early Christian era. John E. Smith: The Individual, the Collective, and the Community  Marcel's treatment of the being of each individual person as a mystery brought forth a more humble view of the self, which paradoxically makes the self available to others for genuine inter-subjective relations, where each subject can acquire a true, dignified self. Robert Lechner: Marcel as Radical Empiricist  French philosopher Gabriel Marcel (1883–1973) is one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. John V. Vigorito: On Time in the Philosophy of Marcel  His brand of existentialism was said to be largely unknown in the English-speaking world, where it was mistakenly associated with that of Jean-Paul Sartre. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973) was a French philosopher, convert to Roman Catholicism, and the most distinguished proponent of Christian existentialism in the twentieth century. In fact, some themes which first found expression in dramatic form would years later, after much reflection, be taken up in philosophical form. This, in turn, leads to the sense of the mystery of being itself, or what Marcel called the “ontological mystery.”. Gabriel Marcel and American Philosophy David W. Rodick ABSTRACT: Gabriel Marcel’s thought is deeply informed by the American philosophi-cal tradition. He was particularly critical of modern social institutions and technology for their dehumanizing effects upon individuals. (fix it) Keywords Marcel, Gabriel Philosophy, French Values: Categories Continental Philosophy (categorize this paper) Buy this book Find it on Amazon: Options He worked as a drama critic for various literary journals and served as an editor for Plon, the major French Catholic publisher. Beautiful as Marcel’s insights are, his writing almost seems like stream of consciousness. 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